Heat treatment processes play a critical role in manufacturing, providing thermal conditioning for iron and steel parts across various industries. However, these processes are energy-intensive, primarily due to the high-temperature requirements, prolonged cycle times, and heavy dependence on natural gas as a primary energy source for processing heating. The recent 'Industrial Decarbonization Earthshot' initiative by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) targets an 85% reduction in emissions by 2035, urging energy efficiency solutions for heat treatment furnaces and the use of alternative energy sources for process heating, such as electricity, low-carbon fuels, or carbon-free fuels. The extent of decarbonization through electricity depends on a major transition from the current fossil-fuel-based energy mix to green power. This emphasizes the need for accurate emissions estimation of existing heat treatment methodologies. The current research investigates carbon footprint associated with industrial heat treatment, with an emphasis on carburizing. In this process, iron and steel parts are exposed to a carbon-rich atmosphere in a furnace to increase surface hardness and wear resistance. In addition to process heating emissions, natural gas is supplied in limited quantities directly to the furnace to create a carbon-enriching medium and is also processed in endothermic gas generators to produce a neutral hardening gas (CO/H₂/N₂), to maintain a controlled furnace atmosphere for surface hardening. Indirect emissions arise from electricity usage and broader supply chain activities, including emissions from furnace material sourcing and the transportation of natural gas to industrial facilities. In this study, a comprehensive emissions profile is developed for gas carburizing cycles in batch furnaces, where heating is provided through natural gas combustion in radiant tubes. The environmental impact is evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) across Scope 1 (direct GHG emissions), Scope 2 (emissions from direct electricity use), and Scope 3 (emissions from upstream and downstream activities) categories. Existing LCA databases have limited coverage on heat treatment processes, and the available datasets require more resolution to support process development. To address this, a life cycle inventory (LCI) is created, detailing all inputs and outputs in carburizing, including materials, energy use, and emissions at each stage. Scope 1 emissions are calculated by estimating the total natural gas required per cycle through radiation heat transfer analysis in the furnace and combustion in the endothermic gas generator. Key inputs for the heat transfer model include the carburization temperature profile, furnace geometry, and load properties. This framework establishes a systematic approach for estimating carbon emissions in gas carburizing, offering insights to optimize processes, reduce emissions in heat treatment operations, and assess process heating alternatives to support industrial decarbonization targets.