Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys are extensively used for biomedical implants due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. With high strength, low density, and suitable elasticity, these alloys are ideal candidates for orthopedic and dental applications. Among these, Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) is the most widely used Ti alloy for bone implants. However, its relatively high elastic modulus of 113 GPa is significantly greater than that of natural bone, which ranges between 14 and 20 GPa. This mismatch in stiffness can lead to implant loosening over time due to stress shielding and subsequent bone atrophy. To address this challenge, materials with a lower elastic modulus are preferred. By incorporating β-stabilizing elements into Ti alloys, the β-phase fraction can be increased, effectively lowering the stiffness.The β-metastable alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (Ti-5553) has emerged as a promising alternative to Ti64. With a reduced elastic modulus of 72 GPa, Ti-5553 provides stiffness closer to that of natural bone, potentially minimizing the risk of implant-related bone deterioration and enhancing implant longevity. Unlike Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5553 does not undergo martensitic transformation, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle martensite upon rapid cooling. This makes Ti-5553 an excellent candidate for additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). LPBF enables the production of custom implants tailored to individual anatomical requirements, enhancing the functional fit and performance of the implant.Beyond material composition, implant surface characteristics are crucial for achieving successful osseointegration. Optimizing implant surfaces to encourage cellular interaction is essential for achieving stable and long-lasting integration. Ultra-precision machining is an effective method for enhancing implant surfaces by creating micro-structured functional features with superior finishes. This technique offers a flexible, precise, and cost-effective approach to improving the surface properties of Ti-based implants, which is essential for promoting enhanced cellular responses and osseointegration.In this study, the ultra-precision machinability of LPBF-built Ti-5553 alloy was investigated, focusing on how depth of cut affects tool wear, cutting force, chip morphology, surface roughness, and profile accuracy. Results indicated that tool wear was more pronounced on the flank face than on the rake face, with maximum flank wear width increasing progressively over the cutting distance. Both cutting and thrust rose gradually with cutting distance, with cutting forces remaining dominant, indicating that shearing was the primary mechanism for material removal. Cutting chips displayed serrated patterns on the free surface, while the back surface was smooth, showing sliding marks. Surface roughness of the machined grooves also increased progressively with cutting distance. Tool wear reduced tool geometry accuracy, increased cutting resistance, and degraded surface finish and profile accuracy.These findings underscore the feasibility of using ultra-precision machining to generate microscopic features on LPBF-built Ti-5553 alloy. This approach supports the manufacturing of Ti-5553 alloy implants via LPBF, followed by ultra-precision machining to refine surface features and enhance cellular interactions.